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UNIX basic commands
Contents
- Introduction
- bash and tcsh shells
- Working with directories
- Environment variables
- Editing text files
- Other Web tutorials
Introduction
Ce ne sono un sacco in giro per il Web, ma qui raccolgo SOLO il minimo indispensabile per lavorare, niente di superfluo!
only the bare minimum!
Familiarity with Linux is necessary
If you are not familiar with using Unix/GNU Linux this page is intended to provide a description of basic linux commands and references to more information.
When working in Linux, you will activate a terminal and inside the terminal shell will be running, i.e. a program interpreting your commands. Commands are typed inside this shell, and you press ENTER to issue them. For most commands, additional arguments can be issued by using minus signs (where \ signs are used in Windows), e.g. command -a - b -c or command -abc. To find out what options are available for a given command, and what those options do, type command –help, which works in most cases, or try to have a more detailed information with the man command.
An exhaustive list of many other UNIX tutorials which can be found on the Web has been collected here.
Bash and tcsh shells
Working with directories
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
man <command> | |
pwd | |
cd <dirName> | |
cd /path/to/directory | |
cd | |
cd .. | |
cd . | |
mkdir <dirName> | |
ls | |
ls -l | |
ls -althr | |
ls <dirName> | |
ls /path/to/dirName | |
mv <oldName> <newName> | |
mv <fileName> /path/to/newName | |
cp bla bla bla | |
rm <fileName> | |
acroread fileName.pdf | |
evince fileName.pdf |
Set alias in ~/.cshrc file
alias ll 'ls -ahl'
or in a ~/.bashrc
alias ll='ls ahl'
Viewing pdf files
Environment variables
export VarName=value # sh and sh-like shells (e.g. bash)
setenv varName value # csh and csh-like shells (e.g. tcsh)
set varName=value
NOTA! variabili settate con set sono viste solo dalla shell, con setenv/export anche dai programmi!
Find files
which <command>
e.g.
which cdsterm /usr/local/bin/cdsterm
find /path/to/start/directory -name fileName
find
Text editors
nano, vi, gedit, nedit
emacs,
emacs -nw <fileName>
Working with compressed files
Create a zipped file:
zip fileName.zip fileName
Extract a zipped file:
unzip fileName.zip
Create a gzipped file:
gzip fileName
Extract a gzipped file:
gunzip fileName.gz [gzip -d fileName.gz]
Create a .tar.gz archive:
tar -czvf fileName.tar.gz /path/to/directory
Extract a .tar.gz archive:
tar -xzvf fileName.tar.gz
Create a .tar.bz2 archive:
tar -cjvf fileName.tar.bz2 /path/to/directory
Extract a .tar.bz2 archive:
tar -xjvf fileName.tar.bz2
Extract a .rar file:
unrar fileName.rar