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UNIX basic commands
Contents
- Introduction
- bash and tcsh shells
- Working with directories
- Environment variables
- Editing text files
- Other Web tutorials
Introduction
Familiarity with Linux is necessary
If you are not familiar with using Unix/GNU Linux this page is intended to provide a description of basic linux commands and references to more information.
When working in Linux, you will activate a terminal and inside the terminal shell will be running, i.e. a program interpreting your commands. Commands are typed inside this shell, and you press ENTER to issue them. For most commands, additional arguments can be issued by using minus signs (where \ signs are used in Windows), e.g. command -a - b -c or command -abc. To find out what options are available for a given command, and what those options do, type command –help, which works in most cases, or try to have a more detailed information with the man command.
Other useful links:
Bash and tcsh shells
Working with directories
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
man <command> | |
pwd | |
cd <dirName> | |
cd /path/to/directory | |
cd | |
cd .. | |
cd . | |
mkdir <dirName> | |
ls | |
ls -l | |
ls -althr | |
ls <dirName> | |
ls /path/to/dirName | |
mv <oldName> <newName> | |
mv <fileName> /path/to/newName | |
cp bla bla bla | |
rm <fileName> | |
acroread fileName.pdf | |
evince fileName.pdf |
Set alias in ~/.cshrc file
alias ll 'ls -ahl'
or in a ~/.bashrc
alias ll='ls ahl'
Viewing pdf files
Environment variables
export VarName=value # sh and sh-like shells (e.g. bash)
setenv varName value # csh and csh-like shells (e.g. tcsh)
set varName=value
NOTA! variabili settate con set sono viste solo dalla shell, con setenv/export anche dai programmi!
Find files
which <command>
e.g.
which cdsterm /usr/local/bin/cdsterm
find /path/to/start/directory -name fileName
find
Text editors
nano, vi, gedit, nedit
emacs,
emacs -nw <fileName>
Working with compressed files
Create a zipped file:
zip fileName.zip fileName
Extract a zipped file:
unzip fileName.zip
Create a gzipped file:
gzip fileName
Extract a gzipped file:
gunzip fileName.gz [gzip -d fileName.gz]
Create a .tar.gz archive:
tar -czvf fileName.tar.gz /path/to/directory
Extract a .tar.gz archive:
tar -xzvf fileName.tar.gz
Create a .tar.bz2 archive:
tar -cjvf fileName.tar.bz2 /path/to/directory
Extract a .tar.bz2 archive:
tar -xjvf fileName.tar.bz2
Extract a .rar file:
unrar fileName.rar